Organic light-emitting devices

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The organic layer includes an emission layer, and the emission layer includes at least one light-emitting material represented by one of Formulas 1 and 2. The organic layer further includes at least one hole-transporting material represented by one of Formulas 2(1) and 2(2).

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.14/691,521 filed Apr. 20, 2015, which application is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/061,667 filed Oct.23, 2013, which claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2013-0068640, filed on Jun. 14, 2013 in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the entire contents of all of which areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting device.

2.Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emitting devices thathave advantages such as wide viewing angles, good contrast, quickresponse times, and good luminance, driving voltage, and response speedcharacteristics. Also, OLEDs can provide multicolored images.

A typical OLED has a structure including a substrate, and an anode, ahole transport layer, an emission layer, an electron transport layer,and a cathode sequentially stacked on the substrate. In this regard, thehole transport layer, the emission layer, and the electron transportlayer are organic thin films formed of organic compounds.

An operating principle of an OLED having the above-described structuremay be as follows. When a voltage is applied between the anode and thecathode, holes injected from the anode move to the emission layer viathe hole transport layer, and electrons injected from the cathode moveto the emission layer via the electron transport layer. The holes andelectrons recombine in the emission layer to generate excitons. When theexcitons drop from an excited state to a ground state, light is emitted.

SUMMARY

Aspects of embodiments of the present invention are directed toward anorganic light-emitting device (OLED) having high efficiency and a longlifespan.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, anorganic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a secondelectrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and thesecond electrode. In some embodiments, the organic layer includes anemission layer, and the emission layer includes a light-emittingmaterial represented by one of Formulas 1 and 2, and a hole-transportingmaterial represented by one of Formulas 2(1) and 2(2).

In Formulas 1 and 2, A₁ is CR₁ or N; A₂ is CR₂ or N; A₃ is CR₃ or N; A₄is CR₄ or N; A₅ is CR₅ or N; A₆ is CR₆ or N; A₇ is CR₇ or N; A₈ is CR₈or N; A₉ is CR₉ or N; A₁₀ is CR₁₀ or N; A₁₁ is CR₁₁ or N; A₁₂ is CR₁₂ orN; A₁₃ is CR₁₃ or N; A₁₄ is CR₁₄ or N; A₁₅ is CR₁₅ or N; and A₁₆ is CR₁₆or N. R₁ to R₁₆ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, or N(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group). Two or more of R₁ to R₁₆ may optionally combine toform a C₆-C₂₀ saturated ring or a C₆-C₂₀ unsaturated ring. Y is O, S, orC(R₃₁)(R₃₂).

In Formulas 1 and 2, n1 to n3 are each independently an integer of 0 to3. L₁ to L₃ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, or asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group.

In Formulas 1 and 2, Ar₁ to Ar₃ are each independently: i) a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group); or ii) a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group).

In Formulas 1 and 2, Z₁ to Z₄, R₃₁, and R₃₂ are each independently: i) ahydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; or ii) a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iii) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In Formulas 1 and 2, o1 to o4 are each independently an integer of 0 to3.

In Formulas 2(1) and 2(2), X₁₁ is CR₁₁ or N; X₁₂ is CR₁₂ or N; X₁₃ isCR₁₃ or N; X₁₄ is CR₁₄ or N; X₁₅ is CR₁₅ or N; X₁₆ is CR₁₆ or N; X₁₇ isCR₁₇ or N; X₁₈ is CR₁₈ or N; X₁₉ is CR₁₉ or N; X₂₀ is CR₂₀ or N; X₂₁ isCR₂₁ or N; X₂₂ is CR₂₂ or N; X₂₃ is CR₂₃ or N; and X₂₄ is CR₂₄ or N.

In Formulas 2(1) and 2(2), Z₅, Z₆, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are eachindependently: i) a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; or ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iii) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; orv) —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), or —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇) (where Q₁₁ to Q₁₇are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group).

In Formulas 2(1) and 2(2), Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently: i) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In Formulas 2(1) and 2(2), p and q are each independently an integerfrom 1 to 4; and Z₁₁ and Z₁₂ are each independently: i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group; or ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group substituted with at leastone of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; or iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup; or iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with atleast one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features and advantages of the present inventionwill become more apparent by reference to the following detaileddescription when considered together with the attached drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of an organic light-emittingdevice (OLED) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the luminance and efficiency of the OLEDsprepared according to Examples 1-6 to the luminance and efficiency ofthe OLEDs prepared according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2; and

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the luminance and efficiency of the OLEDsprepared according to Examples 7-12 to the luminance and efficiency ofthe OLEDs prepared according to Comparative Examples 3 and 4;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure of an OLED according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of an OLED according to anembodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made to certain embodiments of the presentinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, where like reference numerals refer to like elementsthroughout. As those skilled in the art would recognize, the describedembodiments may be modified in many ways, and therefore should not beconstrued as limiting. Accordingly, the embodiments are described below,by referring to the figures, merely to explain aspects of the presentdisclosure.

As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “atleast one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire listof elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Also,in the context of the present application, when a first element isreferred to as being “on” a second element, it can be directly on thesecond element or be indirectly on the second element with one or moreintervening elements therebetween.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a structureof an organic light-emitting device (OLED) 10 according to an embodimentof the present invention. The OLED 10 includes a substrate 11, a firstelectrode 13, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 17.Hereinafter, structures and methods of manufacturing OLEDs according toembodiments of the present invention will be described with reference toFIG. 1.

A substrate 11 may be any suitable substrate commonly used in OLEDs. Insome embodiments, the substrate 11 may be a glass substrate or atransparent plastic substrate with mechanical strength, thermalstability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and waterresistance.

A first electrode 13 may be formed on the substrate 11 by depositing orsputtering a first electrode-forming material. When the first electrode13 is an anode, a material having a high work function may be used asthe first electrode-forming material to facilitate hole injection. Thefirst electrode 13 may be a reflective electrode or a transmissionelectrode (e.g., a transparent electrode). Non-limiting examples of thefirst electrode-forming material include transparent and conductivematerials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO),stannic oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). Alternatively, the firstelectrode 13 may be formed as a reflective electrode using magnesium(Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca),magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).

The first electrode 13 may have a single-layer structure or amulti-layer structure including at least two layers. For example, thefirst electrode 13 may have a three-layer structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, butis not limited thereto.

An organic layer 15 may be disposed on the first electrode 13. Theorganic layer 15 may include a plurality of layers between the firstelectrode 13 and the second electrode 17 in the OLED 10. The organiclayer 15 may include an emission layer (EML) and at least one additionallayer, such as a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer(HTL), a functional layer having both hole injection and hole transportcapabilities (hereinafter, referred to as a “H-functional layer”), abuffer layer, an electron blocking layer (EBL), a hole blocking layer(HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), an electron injection layer(EIL), and/or a functional layer having both electron injection andtransport capabilities (hereinafter, referred to as an “E-functionallayer”). In some embodiments, the organic layer 15 may include, insequential order, an HIL, an HTL, a buffer layer, an EML, an ETL, and anEIL.

In some embodiments, for example, the organic layer 15 includes anemission layer (EML), and a hole-transporting region is disposed betweenthe first electrode and the emission layer. The hole-transporting regionmay include a hole transport layer and a buffer layer, and the bufferlayer may be disposed between the hole transport layer and the emissionlayer.

The HIL may be formed on the first electrode 13 by various methods, suchas vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)deposition. When the HIL is formed by vacuum deposition, the vacuumdeposition conditions may vary depending on the compound used to formthe HIL, and the desired structural and thermal properties of the HIL tobe formed. For example, the vacuum deposition may be performed at atemperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a pressure of about 10⁻⁸torr to about 10⁻³ torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 Å/sec toabout 100 Å/sec. However, the deposition conditions are not limitedthereto.

When the HIL is formed by spin coating, spin coating conditions may varydepending on a compound used to form the HIL, and desired structural andthermal properties of the HIL to be formed. For example, the spincoating may be performed at a coating rate of about 2,000 rpm to about5,000 rpm, and the temperature at which heat treatment is performed toremove solvent after coating may be about 80° C. to about 200° C.However, the spin coating conditions are not limited thereto.

The HIL may be formed of any suitable hole-injecting material commonlyused to form an HIL. Non-limiting examples of the hole-injectingmaterial includeN,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine(DNTPD), a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine,4,4′,4″-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA),N,N′-di(1-naphthyl group-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine) (NPB), TDATA, 2-TNATA,polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (Pani/CSA), andpolyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (Pani/PSS.

The thickness of the HIL may be about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, forexample, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the thickness of the HIL iswithin either of the foregoing ranges, the HIL may have satisfactoryhole injection ability without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

Then, an HTL may be formed on the HIL by various methods, such as vacuumdeposition, spin coating, casting, and LB deposition. When the HTL isformed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the vacuum depositionconditions or spin coating conditions may be similar to those describedabove for the formation of the HIL, though the conditions may varydepending on the compound used to form the HTL. The HTL may include atleast one hole-transporting material represented by one of Formulas 2(1)and 2(2). Additionally, in embodiments including a hole-transport regioncomprising a hole transport layer and a buffer layer disposed betweenthe first electrode and the emission layer, the buffer layer and/or thehole transport layer may include at least one hole-transporting materialrepresented by one of Formulas 2(1) and 2(2).

In Formula 2(1) and Formula 2(2), X₁₁ may be CR₁₁ or N; X₁₂ may be CR₁₂or N; X₁₃ may be CR₁₃ or N; X₁₄ may be CR₁₄ or N; X₁₅ may be CR₁₅ or N;X₁₆ may be CR₁₆ or N; X₁₇ may be CR₁₇ or N; X₁₈ may be CRia or N; X₁₉may be CR₁₉ or N; X₂₀ may be CR₂₀ or N; X₂₁ may be CR₂₁ or N; X₂₂ may beCR₂₂ or N; X₂₃ may be CR₂₃ or N; and X₂₄ may be CR₂₄ or N.

For example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), X₁₁ may be C(R₁₁), X₁₂ maybe C(R₁₂), X₁₃ may be C(R₁₃), X₁₄ may be C(R₁₄), X₁₅ may be C(R₁₅), X₁₆may be C(R₁₆), X₁₇ may be C(R₁₇), X₁₈ may be C(R₁₈), X₁₉ may be C(R₁₉),X₂₀ may be C(R₂₀), X₂₁ may be C(R₂₁), X₂₂ may be C(R₂₂), X₂₃ may beC(R₂₃), and X₂₄ may be C(R₂₄), but Formulas 2(1) and 2(2) are notlimited thereto.

In some embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Arta and Ar₁₄ mayeach independently be: i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup; or ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with atleast one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, aasulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, ac₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ mayeach independently be: i) a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, anindacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenylgroup, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolylgroup, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a pyrinyl group, aquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolylgroup, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a benzocarbazolylgroup; or ii) a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, na acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluroenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, afluroanthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a napthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl groyp, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolylgroup, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, athiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolylgroup, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group,a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a benzocarbazolyl group substituted withat least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀ arylgroup, or a C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group. However, Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are notlimited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Ar₁₃ andAr₁₄ may each independently be: i) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenylgroup, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolylgroup, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, ora triazinyl group; or ii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, aquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or atriazinyl group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenylgroup, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolylgroup, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, ora triazinyl group. However, Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Ar₁₃ andAr₁₄ may each independently be represented by one of Formulas 3-1 to3-20, but Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are not limited thereto. When Ar₁₃ and/or Ar₁₄are represented by one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-20, * represents a bindingsite to N.

In Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₁₁ and Z₁₂ may each independently be:i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; or ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group substituted withat least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup; or iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with atleast one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₁₁ and Z₁₂ mayeach independently be: i) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group; or ii) a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup that is substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group; or iii) aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group; or iv) aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group substitutedwith at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group. However, Z₁₁and Z₁₂ are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₁₁ and Z₁₂may each independently be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propylgroup, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group. Forexample, Z₁₁ and Z₁₂ may each independently be a moiety represented byone of Formulas 3-1 to 3-20, but Z₁₁ and Z₁₂ are not limited thereto.When Z₁₁ and/or Z₁₂ are represented by Formulas 3-1 to 3-20, *represents a carbon atom of a fluorene-based ring of Formula 2(1) orFormula 2(2).

In Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₅, Z₆, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ may eachindependently be: i) a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; or ii) a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iii) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; orv) —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), or —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇) (where Q₁₁ to Q₁₇are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group). However, Z₅, Z₆, andR₁₁ to R₂₄ are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₅, Z₆, and R₁₁ toR₂₄ may each independently be: i) a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, or a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup; or ii) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group that is substituted with at least oneof a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group; or iii) aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group; or iv) aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group substitutedwith at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, or a triazinyl group. However, Z₅,Z₆, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₅, Z₆, andR₁₁ to R₂₄ may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom,a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, or a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup. However, Z₅, Z₆, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₅, Z₆, andR₁₁ to R₂₄ may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom,a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a methyl group, anethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexylgroup, a heptyl group, or a compound represented by one of Formulas 3-1to 3-20. However, Z₅, Z₆, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are not limited thereto.

In Formula 2(1) and Formula 2(2), p indicates the number of Z₅s, and isan integer of 1 to 4. When p is 2 or greater, the Z₅s may be identicalto or different from each other. In Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), qindicates the number of Z₆s, and is an integer from 1 to 4. When q is 2or greater, the Z₆s may be identical to or different from each other.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, thehole-transporting material may be represented by one of Formulas 2A and2B, but the hole-transporting material is not limited thereto.

In Formula 2A and Formula 2B, p and q are each independently an integerof 1 to 4, and Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ may each independently be represented byone of Formulas 3-1 to 3-20; Z₁₁ and Z₁₂ may each independently berepresented by a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-20.

In Formula 2A and Formula 2B, Z₅, Z₆, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ may eachindependently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a group represented byone of Formulas 3-1 to 3-20.

In some other embodiments, the hole-transporting material may be atleast one of Compounds 6-1 to 6-144, but the hole-transporting materialis not limited thereto.

The HTL or buffer layer including a hole-transporting material mayfurther include any suitable hole-transporting material commonly used inOLEDs. Non-limiting examples of the hole-transporting material include acarbazole derivative such as N-phenylcarbazole and polyvinylcarbazole,N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine(TPD), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazole)triphenylamine (TCTA), andN,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB.

The thickness of the HTL may be about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, forexample, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thickness of the HTL iswithin either of the foregoing ranges, the HTL may have satisfactoryhole transport ability without a substantial increase in a drivingvoltage.

The H-functional layer having both hole injection and hole transportcapabilities may include one or more of the materials described above inconnection with the HIL and the HTL. The thickness of the H-functionallayer may be about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å. When the thickness of the H-functional layer is withineither of the foregoing ranges, the H-functional layer may havesatisfactory hole injection and transport abilities without asubstantial increase in a driving voltage.

At least one of the HIL, the HTL, and the H-functional layer may includeat least one compound represented by one of Formula 300 and Formula 301.

In Formula 300, Ar₁₀₁ and Ar₁₀₂ may each independently be a substitutedor unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group. For example, Ar₁₀₁ and Ar₁₀₂ mayeach independently be: a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, anindenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, aheptalenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted acenaphthylenegroup, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylenegroup, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, or a pentacenylenegroup; or a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group,a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group,a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthrylene group, afluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, achrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, aperylenylene group, or a pentacenylene group substituted with at leastone of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a Ca-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthiogroup, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In Formula 300, xa and xb may each independently be an integer of 0 to5, or may be 0, 1, or 2. For example, xa may be 1 and xb may be 0, butxa and xb are not limited thereto. In Formula 300 and 301, R₁₀₁ to R₁₀₈,R₁₁₁ to R₁₁₉, and R₁₂₁ to R₁₂₄ may each independently be a hydrogenatom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ aryloxy group, or a substituted or unsubstitutedC₅-C₆₀ arylthio group.

In some embodiments, R₅₁ to R₅₈, R₆₁ to R₆₉, R₇₁, and R₇₂ may eachindependently be a hydrogen atom; a deuterium atom; a halogen atom; ahydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidinogroup; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxyl group or a saltthereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof; a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group (e.g., a methyl group, anethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexylgroup); a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group (e.g., a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, apropoxy group, a butoxy group, and a pentoxy); a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or aC₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a phenyl group; anaphthyl group; an anthryl group; a fluorenyl group; a pyrenyl group; aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a fluorenyl group, ora pyrenyl group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, or a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group. However, R₅₁ to R_(58,) R₆₁ to R₆₉,R₇₁, and R₇₂ are not limited thereto.

In Formula 300, R₁₀₉ may be a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; an anthrylgroup; a biphenyl group; a pyridinyl group; or a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group, or a pyridinyl groupsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the compoundrepresented by Formula 300 may be represented by Formula 300A, butFormula 300 is not limited to thereto.

In Formula 300A above, R₁₀₁, R₁₁₁, R₁₁₂, and R₁₀₉ may be defined asdescribed above with respect to Formula 300.

In some embodiments, at least one of the HIL, the HTL, and theH-functional layer may include at least one of Compounds 301 to 320, butthese layers are not limited thereto.

To improve conductivity, at least one of the HIL, the HTL, and theH-functional layer may further include a charge-generating material inaddition to the material used to form the HIL, the HTL, and/or theH-functional layer as described above.

The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. Thep-dopant may be one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, or a cyanogroup-containing compound, but the charge-generating material is notlimited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant include a quinonederivative such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) and2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); ametal oxide such as a tungsten oxide and a molybdenum oxide; and a cyanogroup-containing compound such as Compound 200.

When the HIL, the HTL, or the H-functional layer further includes thecharge-generating material, the charge-generating material may behomogeneously dispersed or non-homogeneously distributed in the layer.

A buffer layer may be positioned between the EML and at least one of theHIL, the HTL, and the H-functional layer. In some embodiments, forexample, a hole-transporting region includes a buffer layer and a holetransport layer between the emission layer and the first electrode. Thebuffer layer in the hole-transporting region may be disposed between thehole transport layer and the emission layer. The buffer layer maycompensate for an optical resonance distance of light according to awavelength of the light emitted from the EML, and thus may increaseefficiency. The buffer layer may include any suitable material commonlyused to form an HIL or an HTL. In some embodiments, for example, thebuffer layer in a hole-transporting region that also includes an HTL,may include a hole transporting material. Alternatively, the bufferlayer may include the same (or similar) material as at least one of thematerials included in the HIL, the HTL, and/or the H-functional layerunderneath the buffer layer.

Then, the EML may be formed on the HTL, the H-functional layer, or thebuffer layer by various methods, such as vacuum deposition, spincoating, casting, and LB deposition. When the EML is formed by vacuumdeposition or spin coating, vacuum deposition conditions or spin coatingconditions may be similar to those described above for the formation ofthe HIL, though the conditions may vary depending on the compound usedto form the EML.

The EML may include at least one light-emitting material represented byone of Formulas 1 and 2.

In Formula 1 or Formula 2, A₁ may be CR₁ or N; A₂ may be CR₂ or N; A₃may be CR₃ or N; A₄ may be CR₄ or N; A₅ may be CR₅ or N; A₆ may be CR₆or N; A₇ may be CR₇ or N; A₈ may be CR₈ or N; As may be CR₉ or N; A₁₀may be CR₁₀ or N; A₁₁ may be CR₁₁ or N; A₁₂ may be CR₁₂ or N; A₁₃ may beCR₁₃ or N; A₁₄ may be CR₁₄ or N; A₁₅ may be CR₁₅ or N; and A₁₆ may beCR₁₆ or N.

For example, in Formula 1 and Formula 2, Y may be O, S, or C(R₃₁)(R₃₂).In some embodiments, in Formula 1 and Formula 2, L₁ and L₃ may eachindependently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1 or Formula 2, L₁ to L₃ may eachindependently be: i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, or aC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group; or ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, or aC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; or iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, or aC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group substituted with at least one of a C₆-C₆₀aryl group and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with at least oneof a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1 or Formula 2, L₁ to L₃ may eachindependently be: i) a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup; or ii) a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene groupsubstituted with at least one of a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; or iii) a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group or a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group substituted with at least one of a C₆-C₆₀ aryl groupor a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with at least one of adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group. However, L₁ to L₃ are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1 or Formula 2, L₁ to L₃ may eachindependently be: i) a phenylene group, a fluorenylene group, apyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, or aquinazolinylene group; or ii) a phenylene group, a fluorenylene group, apyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, or aquinazolinylene group substituted with at least one of a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, or a pyridyl group; or iii) a phenylene group, afluorenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, atriazinylene group, or a quinazolinylene group substituted with at leastone of a deuterium atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-octylgroup, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a pyridyl group, or a carbazole group. However, L₁ to L₃ are notlimited thereto.

In Formula 1 or Formula 2, n1 indicates the number of L₁s, and is aninteger from 0 to 3. When n1 is 2 or greater, the L₁s may be identicalto or different from each other. In Formula 1 or Formula 2, n2 indicatesthe number of L₂s, and is an integer from 0 to 3. When n2 is 2 orgreater, the L₂s may be identical to or different from each other. InFormula 1 or Formula 2, n3 indicates the number of L₃s, and is aninteger from 0 to 3. When n3 is 2 or greater, the L₃s may be identicalto or different from each other.

In Formula 1 or Formula 2, Ar₁ to Ar₃ may each independently be: i) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, or Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ areeach independently a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group); or ii) a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group).

In some embodiments, in Formula 1 or Formula 2, Ar₁ to Ar₃ may eachindependently be: i) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, orSi(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup or a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group); or ii) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, or —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group). However, Ar₁to Ar₃ are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1 or Formula 2, Ar₁ to Ar₃ mayeach independently be: i) a phenyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidylgroup, a triazinyl group, or —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, ani-propyl group, or a phenyl group); or ii) a phenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrimidyl group, or a triazinyl group substituted with at leastone of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a phenyl group, a pyridylgroup, or —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where, Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently amethyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, or aphenyl group). However, Ar₁ to Ar₃ are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formula 1 or Formula 2, Ar₁ to Ar₃ mayeach independently be a moiety represented by one of Formulas H1 to H5,but Ar₁ to Ar₃ are not limited thereto.

In Formulas H1 to H5 above, * represents a binding site to one of L₁ toL₃ in Formula 1 or Formula 2, or to N in Formula 1 or Formula 2.

In Formula 1 or Formula 2, Z₁, Z₂, R₃₁, and R₃₂ may each independentlybe: i) a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; or ii)a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, ora C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom,a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; oriii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, or a heteroaryl group; or iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1 or Formula 2, Z₁, Z₂, R₃₁, and R₃₂ mayeach independently be: i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;or ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group substituted with atleast one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iii) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; or iv) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.However, Z₁, Z₂, R₃₁, and R₃₂ are not limited thereto.

In some other embodiments, in Formulas 1 to 3, Z₁, Z₂, R₃₁, and R₃₂ mayeach independently be: i) a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propylgroup, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, asec-butyl group, or a tert-butyl group; or ii) a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, or a pyridyl group; or iv) a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, or a pyridyl group substituted with at least one of a methylgroup, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, ann-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, or a tert-butylgroup. However, Z₁, Z₂, R₃₁, and R₃₂ are not limited thereto.

In Formulas 1 to 3, R₁ to R₁₆ may each independently be a hydrogen atom,a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, or —N(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (where Q₁ to Q₃ areeach independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group). 2 or more of R₁ to R₁₆ may optionally combineto form a C₆-C₂₀ saturated ring or a C₆-C₂₀ unsaturated ring.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1 or Formula 2, R₁ to R₁₆ may be ahydrogen atom, and 2 or more of R₁ to R₁₆ may optionally combine to forma C₆-C₂₀ saturated ring or a C₆-C₂₀ unsaturated ring, but R₁ to R₁₆ arenot limited thereto.

In Formula 1 or Formula 2, o1 indicates the number of Z₁s, and is aninteger of 0 to 3. When o1 is 2 or greater, the Z₁s may be identical toor different from each other. In Formula 1 or Formula 2, o2 indicatesthe number of Z₂s, and is an integer of 0 to 3. When o2 is 2 or greater,the Z₂s may be identical to or different from each other. In Formula 1or Formula 2, o3 indicates the number of Z₃s, and is an integer of 0 to3. When o3 is 2 or greater, the Z₃s may be identical to or differentfrom each other. In Formula 1 or Formula 2, o4 indicates the number ofZ₄s, and is an integer of 0 to 3. When o4 is 2 or greater, the Z₄s maybe identical to or different from each other.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, Formulas 1 and2 may be represented by one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-24, but Formulas 1 and2 are not limited thereto.

In Formulas 1-1 to 1-24, Y may be O, S, or C(R₃₁)(R₃₂); n1 to n3 mayeach independently be an integer of 0 to 3; and L₁ to L₃ may eachindependently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, or a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group.

In Formulas 1-1 to 1-24, n1 to n3 may each independently be an integerof 0 to 3. Ar₁ to Ar₃ may each independently be: i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; or ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In Formulas 1-1 to 1-24, R₃₁ and R₃₂ may each independently be: i) ahydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; or ii) a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iii) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In some other embodiments, the light-emitting material is at least oneof Compounds 1 to 108, but the light-emitting material is not limitedthereto.

When the OLED is a full color OLED, the EML may be patterned into a redEML, a green EML, and a blue EML. Alternatively, the EML may include atleast two of a red EML, green EML, and blue EML, stacked upon oneanother to emit white light. In some embodiments, the OLED includes asubstrate that is partitioned into a first sub-pixel region, a secondsub-pixel region , and a third sub-pixel region, and a first electrodeis disposed in each of the first, second and third sub-pixel regions ofthe substrate. The emission layer is disposed between the firstelectrode and the second electrode. In some embodiments, the emissionlayer includes a first emission layer disposed in the first sub-pixelregion, a second emission layer disposed in the second sub-pixel region,and a third emission layer in the third sub-pixel region. In someembodiments, the first emission layer may emit a first color light, thesecond emission layer may emit a second color light, and the thirdemission layer may emit a third color light. In some embodiments, atleast one of the first emission layer and/or the second emission layerincludes the light emitting material represented by Formula 1 or Formula2, discussed above. In some embodiments, the first color light may bered, the second color light may be green, and the third color light maybe blue.

In some embodiments, the OLED may include a hole-transporting regionbetween the emission layer and the first electrode, and thehole-transporting region may include a first hole-transporting region inthe first sub-pixel region, a second hole-transporting region in thesecond sub-pixel region, and a third hole-transporting region in thethird sub-pixel region. In some embodiments, at least one of the firsthole-transporting region and/or the second hole-transporting regionincludes the hole-transporting material of Formula 2(1) or 2(2), asdiscussed above. In some embodiments, each of the first, second andthird hole-transporting regions includes a buffer layer and holetransport layer, and the buffer layer may be disposed between the holetransport layer and the respective emission layer. In some embodiments,the buffer layer includes the hole-transporting material of Formula 2(1)or 2(2), as discussed above. In some embodiments, the buffer layerincludes a first buffer layer disposed in the first sub-pixel region, asecond buffer layer disposed in the second sub-pixel region and a thirdbuffer layer disposed in the third sub-pixel region. In someembodiments, at least one of the first buffer layer and/or the secondbuffer layer includes the hole-transporting material of Formula 2(1) or2(2), as discussed above.

In some embodiments in which the emission layer includes first, secondand third emission layers disposed in the first, second and thirdsub-pixel regions, respectively, and the buffer layer includes first,second and third buffer layers disposed in the first, second and third,sub-pixel regions, respectively, the first emission layer may includethe light-emitting material of Formula 1 or Formula 2, and the firstbuffer layer may include the hole-transporting material of Formula 2(1)or 2(2). In some embodiments, however, the first emission layer mayinclude the light-emitting material of Formula 1 or Formula 2, and thesecond buffer layer may include the hole-transporting material ofFormula 2(1) or 2(2). In some embodiments, the second emission layer mayinclude the light-emitting material of Formula 1 or Formula 2, and thefirst buffer layer may include the hole-transporting material of Formula2(1) or 2(2). In some embodiments, the second emission layer may includethe light-emitting material of Formula 1 or Formula 2, and the secondbuffer layer may include the hole-transporting material of Formula 2(1)or 2(2).

The EML may further include an additional light-emitting materialcommonly used in OLEDs. For example, the EML may further include a hostand/or a dopant commonly used in OLEDs. Non-limiting examples of asuitable host include tris(8-quinolinolate)aluminum (Alq3),4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazol-biphenyl (CBP), poly(n-vinylcarbazole) (PVK),9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (ADN),4,4′,4″-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA),1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene) (TPBI),3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN),9,9′-(1,3-phenylene)bis-9H-carbazole (mCP), E3,1,3-bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-yl] (OXD-7),distyrylarylene (DSA), dmCBP (see below), and Compounds 501 to 509, butthe host is not limited thereto.

Alternatively, an anthracene-based compound represented by Formula 400may be used as the host.

Formula 400

In Formula 400, g, h, i, and j may each independently be an integer of 0to 4; Ar₁₁₁ and Ar₁₁₂ may each independently be a substituted orunsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ arylene group; and Ar₁₁₃ to Ar₁₁₆ may eachindependently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or asubstituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ aryl group. For example, in Formula400 above, Ar₁₁₁ and Ar₁₁₂ may each independently be a phenylene group,a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, or a pyrenylene group; ora phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, afluorenyl group, or a pyrenylene group substituted with at least one ofa phenyl group, a naphthyl group, or an anthryl group. However, Ar₁₁₁and Ar₁₁₂ are not limited thereto.

In Formula 400 above, g, h, i, and j may each independently be 0, 1, or2; and Ar₁₁₃ to Ar₁₁₆ may each independently be: a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl groupthat is substituted with at least one of a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, or an anthryl group; or a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; ananthryl group; a pyrenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; a fluorenylgroup; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenylgroup, a phenanthrenylene group, or a fluorenyl group substituted withat least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an am idino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, or a fluorenylgroup; or

where * represents a binding site. However, Ar₁₁₃ to Ar₁₁₆ are notlimited thereto.

For example, the anthracene-based compound of Formula 400 may be one ofthe Compounds below, but Formula 400 is not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, an anthracene-based compound represented by Formula401 may be used as the host.

Formula 401

In Formula 401, Ar₁₂₂ to Ar₁₂₅ may be the same as Ar₁₁₃ of Formula 400,and the description of Ar₁₁₃ is fully incorporated here.

In Formula 401, Ar₁₂₆ and Ar₁₂₇ may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group).

In Formula 401, k and l may each independently be an integer from 0 to4. For example, k and l may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In some embodiments, the anthracene-based compound of Formula 401 may beone of the Compounds below, but Formula 401 is not limited thereto.

The dopant may be at least one of a fluorescent dopant and aphosphorescent. The phosphorescent dopant may be an organometalliccomplex including Ir, Pt, Os, Re, Ti, Zr, Hf, or a combination of two ormore thereof, but is not limited thereto.

Non-limiting examples of the blue dopant include F₂Irpic,(F₂ppy)₂Ir(tmd), Ir(dfppz)₃, ter-fluorene,4,4′-bis(4-diphenylaminostyryl)biphenyl (DPAVBi),2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butyl perylene (TBPe), and4,4′-bis(2,2,-diphenylvinyI)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi), but the blue dopantis not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the compounds below may be used as the red dopant,but the red dopant is not limited thereto. Alternatively, DCM or DCJTB,which are described below, may be used as the red dopant.

In some embodiments, the compounds below may be used as the greendopant, but the green dopant is not limited thereto. For example, C545T(shown below) may be used as the green dopant.

The thickness of the EML may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, forexample, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the EML iswithin either of the foregoing ranges, the EML may have goodlight-emitting ability without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

Next, an ETL may be formed on the EML by various methods, such as vacuumdeposition, spin coating, and casting. When the ETL is formed by vacuumdeposition and spin coating, the vacuum deposition or coating conditionsmay be similar to those described above for the formation of the HIL,though the deposition and coating conditions may vary depending on thecompound used to form the ETL. The ETL may be formed using theabove-described material that can stably transport electrons that areinjected from an electron-injecting electrode (e.g., a cathode) and anelectron-transporting material commonly used in OLEDs may be used.Non-limiting examples of the electron-transporting material include aquinoline derivative, for example, Alq₃, TAZ, Balq, berylliumbis(benzoquinolin-10-olate) (Bebq₂), ADN, and Compounds 201 and 202, butthe electron-transporting material is not limited thereto.

The thickness of the ETL may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and forexample, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the ETL iswithin either of the foregoing ranges, the ETL may have satisfactoryelectron transporting ability without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

In some embodiments, the ETL may further include a metal-containingmaterial in addition to the above-described electron-transportingmaterial.

The metal-containing material may include a lithium (Li) complex.Non-limiting examples of the Li complex include lithium quinolate (LiQ)and Compound 203.

In addition, an EIL, which facilitates injection of electrons from thecathode, may be formed on the ETL. Any suitable electron injectingmaterial may be used to form the EIL.

Any suitable electron-injecting material commonly used in OLEDs, such asLiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, and BaO, may be used as the EIL-forming material.The deposition conditions may be similar to those described above forthe formation of the HIL, though the conditions may vary depending onthe compound used to form the EIL.

The thickness of the EIL may be about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and forexample, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the ETL iswithin either of the foregoing ranges, the ETL may have satisfactoryelectron injection ability without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

A second electrode 17 is on the organic layer 15. The second electrode17 may be a cathode, which is an electron injecting electrode. Here, amaterial for the formation of the second electrode 17 may be a metal, analloy, an electro-conductive compound, each of which have a low workfunction, or a mixture thereof. In this regard, the second electrode 17may be formed of lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), andmagnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and may be formed as a thin film typetransmission electrode. In some embodiments, to manufacture atop-emission light-emitting device, the transmission electrode may beformed of indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).

Although the organic light-emitting device has been described withreference to FIG. 1, the present invention is not limited thereto.

In addition, when a phosphorescent dopant is used in the EML, an HBL isformed between the HTL and the EML, or between the H-functional layerand the EML, to prevent (or reduce) the diffusion of triplet excitons orholes into the ETL. The HBL may be formed by various methods, such asvacuum deposition, casting and LB deposition. When the HBL is formed byvacuum deposition or spin coating, the vacuum deposition conditions orspin coating conditions may be similar to those described above for theformation of the HIL, though the conditions may vary depending on thecompound used to form the HBL. Any suitable hole-blocking materialcommonly used in OLEDs may be used, and non-limiting examples thereofinclude an oxadiazole derivative, a triazole derivative, and aphenanthroline derivative. For example, BCP may be used as theHBL-forming material.

The thickness of the HBL may be about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and forexample, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness of the HBL iswithin either of the foregoing ranges, the HBL may have good holeblocking ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The light-emitting material represented by one of Formulas 1 and 2 mayhave a wide energy gap, and its triplet energy may be suitable forphosphorescent light emission. In addition, an OLED including theabove-described light-emitting material exhibits high efficiency.

The hole-transporting material represented by one of Formulas 2(1) and2(2) has a structure in which a carbazole-based ring is bonded to afirst carbon of a first benzene and a second benzene is bonded to a metaposition of the first benzene relative to the carbazole-based ring. Thefirst benzene ring, the second benzene ring, first carbon and metaposition are shown in Formulas 2(1)′ and 2(2)′. Thus, compared to acompound having a structure in which the second benzene is bonded to thepara position of the first benzene relative to the carbazole-based ring,the hole-transporting material according to embodiments of the presentinvention may have a low (HOMO) energy level (based on the measuredvalue) and slow hole mobility. Hole mobility is generally faster thanelectron mobility, and thus, an OLED including a compound represented byone of Formulas 2(1) and 2(2) in a hole-transporting region between ananode and an EML may achieve a balance between hole mobility andelectron mobility to the EML. In addition, the hole-transportingmaterial may block leakage of electrons from the EML to the HTL (e.g.,electrons injected from the second electrode or cathode). Therefore, anOLED including a compound represented by one of Formulas 2(1) and 2(2)in the hole-transporting region may exhibit high efficiency and longlifespan.

The OLED including the light-emitting material of one of Formulas 1 and2 and the hole-transporting material of one of Formulas 2(1) and 2(2)may include a suitable material as a host in the EML for phosphorescentemission, and may form excitons in the EML to exhibit high efficiency.Also the leakage of electrons from the EML to the HTL may be minimized(or reduced), and thus, most (or a substantial portion) of the excitonsformed in the EML may contribute to light emission. Therefore, when thedriving voltage of the OLED increases, a decrease in efficiency isrelatively small (e.g., the OLED exhibits low roll-off) The relationshipbetween OLED luminance and efficiency is shown in the graphs in FIGS. 2and 3.

Accordingly, an OLED including the light-emitting material of one ofFormulas 1 and 2 and the hole-transporting material of one of Formulas2(1) and 2(2) may exhibit low driving voltage, high efficiency, and highcolor purity.

In particular, the EML including the light-emitting material of one ofFormulas 1 and 2 and the HTL including the hole-transporting material ofone of Formulas 2(1) and 2(2) may be in contact with each other, but thepresent invention is not limited thereto.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views, each schematically illustratingthe structure of an OLED 10 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

The OLED 10 may include a substrate 11 that is partitioned into a firstsub-pixel region, a second sub-pixel region, and a third sub-pixelregion. A first electrode may be disposed in each of the first, second,and third sub-pixel regions of the substrate, and a second electrode maybe disposed opposite to the first electrode. The OLED 10 may furtherinclude a first sub-pixel electrode 13A disposed in the first sub-pixelregion of the substrate, a first buffer layer 150A disposed on the firstsub-pixel electrode 13A, and a first emission layer 160A disposed on thefirst buffer layer 150A. Additionally, the OLED 10 may include a secondsub-pixel electrode 13B disposed in the second sub-pixel region of thesubstrate, a second buffer layer 150B disposed on the second sub-pixelelectrode 13B, and a second emission layer 160B disposed on the secondbuffer layer 150B. Further, the OLED 10 may include a third sub-pixelelectrode 13C disposed in the third sub-pixel region of the substrate,and a third emission layer 160C disposed on the third sub-pixelelectrode 13C.

The first emission layer 160A may include at least one light-emittingmaterial represented by any one of Formulas 1 and 2, and the secondbuffer layer 150B may include or consist of the at least onehole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulas 2(1) and2(2). Alternatively, the second emission layer 160B may include at leastone light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulas 1 and 2,and the first buffer layer 150A may include or consist of the at leastone hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulas 2(1)and 2(2).

In one or more embodiments, the first emission layer 160A may emit afirst color light, the second emission layer 160B may emit a secondcolor light, and the third emission layer 160C may emit a third colorlight. In one or more embodiments, the first color light may be red, thesecond color light may be green, and the third color light may be blue.

In one or more embodiments, the second emission layer 160B may includethe light emitting material, the first buffer layer 150A may include thehole-transporting material, and the second buffer layer 150B may includeat least one compound represented by Formula 300 or 301. In one or moreembodiments, the second buffer layer 150B may include at least one ofCompounds 301 to 320.

In one or more embodiments, the OLED 10 may further include a holetransport layer 140 disposed between the first and second buffer layers150A, 150B, and the first, second, and third third sub-pixel electrode13A, 13B, 13C.

In one or more embodiments, the hole transport layer 140 may include atleast one compound represented by one of Formula 300 and Formula 301. Inone or more embodiments, the hole transport layer 140 may include atleast one of Compounds 301 to 320. In one or more embodiments, thesecond buffer layer 150B may include the same compound as that includedin the hole transport layer 140.

As used herein, the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group may be an unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group or a substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group. Non-limiting examplesof the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group include a linear or a branchedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propylgroup, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a pentyl group, aniso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl grouprefers to the substitution of at least one hydrogen atom of theunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group with a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ fluoroalkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), or -Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅) (where Q₁₁ to Q₁₅are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogenatom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group).

As used herein, the C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group may be an unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group or a substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group. The unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group may have a formula of —OA (where, A is anunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group as described above). Non-limitingexamples of the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group include a methoxygroup, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group. Here, the substitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group refers to the substitution of at least one hydrogenatom of the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group with the same substituentsas described above in connection with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup.

As used herein, the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group may be an unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group or a substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group. The unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group refers to an unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkyl grouphaving one or more carbon-carbon double bonds inserted at the body(e.g., the center) or at a terminal end of the alkyl group. Non-limitingexamples of the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group include an ethenylgroup, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group refers to the substitution of at least one hydrogen atomof the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group with the same substituents asdescribed above in connection with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

As used herein, the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group may be an unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group or a substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group. The unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group refers to an unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkyl grouphaving one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds inserted at the body(e.g., the center) or at a terminal end of the alkyl group. Non-limitingexamples of the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group include an ethynylgroup and a propenyl group. The substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group refersto the substitution of at least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group with the same substituents as described above inconnection with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

As used herein, the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group may be an unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group or a substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group. The unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromaticsystem having 6 to 60 carbon atoms including at least one aromatic ring.The unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group refers to a divalent group havinga carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms including atleast one aromatic ring. When the aryl group and the arylene groupinclude two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other by asingle bond. The substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group refers to thesubstitution of at least one hydrogen atom of the aryl group with thesame substituents as described above in connection with the substitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group. The substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group refers to thesubstitution of at least one hydrogen atom of the arylene group with thesame substituents as described above in connection with the substitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

Non-limiting examples of the substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup include a phenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkylphenyl group (i.e., anethylphenyl group), a C₁-C₁₀ alkylbiphenyl group (i.e., an ethylbiphenylgroup), a halophenyl group (i.e., an o-, m-, and p-fluorophenyl group, adichlorophenyl group), a dicyanophenyl group, a trifluoromethoxyphenylgroup, o-, m-, and p-tolyl group, o-, m-, and p-cumenyl groups, amosityl group, a phenoxyphenyl group, an (α,α-dimethylbenzene)phenylgroup, an (N,N′-dimethyl)aminophenyl group, an(N,N′-diphenyl)aminophenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group,a naphthyl group, a halonaphthyl group (i.e., a fluoronaphthyl group), aC₁-C₁₀ alkylnaphthyl group (i.e., a methylnaphthyl group), a C₁-C₁₀alkoxynaphthyl group (i.e., a methoxynaphthyl group), an anthracenylgroup, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthylenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a fluorenyl group, an anthraquinolinyl group, amethylanthryl group, a phenanthryl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, an ethyl-chrysenyl group, a picenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a chloroperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group,a pentacenyl group, a tetraphenylenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, a trinaphthylenylgroup, a heptaphenyl group, a heptacenyl group, a pyranthrenyl group, anobarenyl group, and a spiro-fluorenyl group. Additional non-limitingexamples of the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group may be inferred from theforegoing non-limiting examples of the unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl groupand the substituents described above in connection with the substitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of the substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group may be inferred from the foregoingnon-limiting examples of the substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup.

As used herein, the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group may be an unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group or a substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group. Theunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group refers to a monovalent grouphaving a system composed of one or more aromatic rings having at leastone heteroatom, e.g., N, O, P, and S, as a ring-forming atom, and carbonatoms as the remaining ring atoms. The unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group refers to a divalent group having a system composedof one or more aromatic rings having at least one heteroatom, e.g., N,O, P, and S, and carbon atoms as the remaining ring atoms. For example,when the heteroaryl group and the heteroarylene group each include twoor more rings, the rings may be fused to each other or connected to eachother via a single bond. The substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group refersto the substitution of at least one hydrogen atom of the heteroarylgroup with the same substituents described above in connection with theC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group. The substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group refers tothe substitution of at least one hydrogen atom of the heteroarylenegroup with the same substituents described above in connection with theC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

Non-limiting examples of the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl groupinclude a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, athiazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, atriazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, a furanyl group, athiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group. Non-limitingexamples of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group may be inferred fromthe foregoing non-limiting examples of the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and the substituents described above in connection withthe substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of thesubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group may be inferredfrom the foregoing non-limiting examples of the substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl groups.

The substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group refers to a grouprepresented by —OA₂ (where A₂ is a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group as described above). The substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group refers to a group represented by —SA₃ (where A₃ is asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as described above).

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described byreference to the following examples. However, these examples arepresented for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limitthe scope of the present invention

EXAMPLE Example 1

As an anode, ITO/Ag/ITO layers having a thickness of 7 nm/100 nm/7 nm,respectively, were deposited on a glass substrate which was cut to asize of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, and then sonicated (ultrasonically washed)in isopropyl alcohol for 30 minutes and sonicated in pure water for 30minutes, and then cleaned by irradiation of ultraviolet rays for 10minutes and exposure to ozone. The glass substrate was then loaded intoa vacuum deposition device.

Compound B (shown below) was vacuum-deposited on the ITO layer, which isthe anode, to form an HIL having a thickness of 1,200 Å, and Compound6-12 was deposited on the HIL to a thickness of 350 Å to form an HTL.

Compound 49 (as a host) and Compound D(1) (as a dopant; shown below)were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 10:1 on the HTL to form an EMLhaving a thickness of 400 Å.

Then, Compound 201 and LiQ were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 1:1 onthe EML to form an ETL having a thickness of 300 Å. LiQ was deposited onthe ETL to form an EIL having a thickness of 5 Å, followed by depositingMg—Ag at a weight ratio of 10:1 on the EIL to form a second electrode(cathode) having a thickness of 130 Å, thereby completing themanufacture of an OLED.

Example 2

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 1, except that Compound 6-132 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 61 was usedinstead of Compound 49 to form the EML.

Example 3

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 1, except that Compound 6-84 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 80 was usedinstead of Compound 49 to form the EML.

Example 4

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 1, except that Compound 6-36 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 99 was usedinstead of Compound 49 to form the EML.

Example 5

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 1, except that Compound 6-4 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 104 was usedinstead of Compound 49 to form the EML.

Example 6

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 1, except that Compound 6-10 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 50 was usedinstead of Compound 49 to form the EML.

Example 7

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 1, except that Compound 34 andCompound D(2) (shown below) were used instead of Compound 49 andCompound D(1) (shown above), respectively, to form the EML.

Example 8

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 7, except that Compound 6-132 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 32 was usedinstead of Compound 34 to form the EML.

Example 9

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 7, except that Compound 6-84 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 81 was usedinstead of Compound 34 to form the EML.

Example 10

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 7, except that Compound 6-36 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 82 was usedinstead of Compound 34 to form the EML.

Example 11

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 7, except that Compound 6-4 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 83 was usedinstead of Compound 34 to form the EML.

Example 12

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 7, except that Compound 6-10 wasused instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound 84 was usedinstead of Compound 34 to form the EML.

Comparative Example 1

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 1, except that Compound A (shownbelow) was used instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound61 was used instead of Compound 49 to form the EML.

Comparative Example 2

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 1, except that Compound B (shownbelow) was used instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound61 was used instead of Compound 49 to form the EML.

Comparative Example 3

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 7, except that Compound A (shownabove) was used instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound83 was used instead of Compound 34 to form the EML.

Comparative Example 4

An OLED was manufactured as in Example 7, except that Compound B (shownabove) was used instead of Compound 6-12 to form the HTL, and Compound83 was used instead of Compound 34 to form the EML.

Evaluation Example

The driving voltages, current densities, efficiencies, and colorpurities of the OLEDs of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to4 were evaluated by supplying power from a voltage and current meter (aSource Measurement Unit 236 obtained from Keithley Instruments Inc.) andby a luminance meter (a PR650 Spectrascan Colorimeter obtained fromPhoto Research, Inc.). The OLEDs of Example 1 to 6 and ComparativeExamples 1 and 2 were evaluated at a luminance of 9,000 cd/m², and theOLEDs of Example 7 to 12 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were measuredat a luminance of 3,000 cd/m². The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Driving Current Color voltage density Luminance Powercoordinates (V) (mA/cm²) (cd/A) (lm/W) CIE _x CIE_y Example 1 4.8 8.6104.4 69.0 0.227 0.732 Example 2 4.4 8.7 103.1 73.2 0.212 0.742 Example3 4.5 8.7 103.8 73.2 0.308 0.672 Example 4 4.9 8.9 101.6 65.0 0.2290.734 Example 5 4.6 8.9 101.5 69.1 0.287 0.690 Example 6 4.5 8.9 101.371.4 0.220 0.737 Example 7 4.5 7.3 41.0 28.7 0.657 0.341 Example 8 4.77.1 42.4 28.2 0.651 0.347 Example 9 4.6 7.6 39.4 26.8 0.661 0.337Example 10 5.0 7.4 40.7 25.7 0.669 0.329 Example 11 4.8 7.3 41.1 26.90.659 0.339 Example 12 4.9 7.3 41.1 26.5 0.652 0.348 Comparative 4.612.4 72.4 49.5 0.293 0.685 Example 1 Comparative 4.6 12.3 73.5 49.70.279 0.695 Example 2 Comparative 4.7 9.8 30.6 20.3 0.671 0.327 Example3 Comparative 4.6 9.5 31.4 21.7 0.658 0.340 Example 4

Referring to Table 1 above, it can be seen that the OLEDs of Examples 1to 12 exhibit lower driving voltages, higher efficiencies, and bettercolor purities than the OLEDs of Comparative Example 1 to 4.

As described above, according to aspects of one or more embodiments ofthe present invention, an organic light-emitting device may exhibit alow driving voltage, high efficiency, and high color purities.

While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it will be understood by those of ordinaryskill in the art that various changes may be made to the disclosedembodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the presentinvention as defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: asubstrate comprising a first sub-pixel region, a second sub-pixelregion, and a third sub-pixel region; a first sub-pixel electrodedisposed in the first sub-pixel region of the substrate, a first bufferlayer disposed on the first sub-pixel electrode, a first emission layerdisposed on the first buffer layer, a second sub-pixel electrodedisposed in the second sub-pixel region of the substrate, a secondbuffer layer disposed on the second sub-pixel electrode, a secondemission layer disposed on the second buffer layer, a third sub-pixelelectrode disposed in the third sub-pixel region of the substrate, athird emission layer disposed on the third sub-pixel electrode, with theproviso that either one of conditions (i) and (ii) below is met: (i) thefirst emission layer comprises at least one light-emitting materialrepresented by any one of Formulas 1 and 2, and the second buffer layerconsists of the at least one hole-transporting material represented byany one of Formulas 2(1) and 2(2), or (ii) the second emission layercomprises at least one light-emitting material represented by any one ofFormulas 1 and 2, and the first buffer layer consists of the at leastone hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulas 2(1)and 2(2);

wherein, in Formulae 1 and 2, A₁ is C₁ or N; A₂ is CR₂ or N; A₃ is CR₃or N; A₄ is CR₄ or N; A₅ is CR₅ or N; A₆ is CR₆ or N; A₇ is CR₇ or N; A₈is CR₅ or N; A₉ is CR₉ or N; A₁₀ is CR₁₀ or N; A₁₁ is CR₁₁ or N; A₁₂ isCR₁₂ or N; A₁₃ is CR₁₃ or N; A₁₄ is CR₁₄ or N; A₁₅ is CR₁₅ or N; and A₁₆is CR₁₆ or N; R₁ to R₁₆ are each independently selected from a hydrogenatom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), Q₁ to Q₃ areeach independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; or two or more of R₁ to R₁₆ are optionallyconnected to each other to form a C₆-C₂₀ saturated ring or a C₆-C₂₀unsaturated ring; Y is O, S, or C(R₃₁)(R₃₂); L₁ to L₃ are eachindependently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group; n1 to n3 areeach independently an integer of 0 to 3; Ar₁ to Ar₃ are eachindependently selected from i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (here, Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group); and ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, each substituted with at least one substituent selected from adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (here, Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl group); Z₁ to Z₄, R₃₁, and R₃₂are each independently selected from: i) a hydrogen atom, a deuteriumatom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, eachsubstituted with at least one substituent selected from a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine, a hydrazone, a carboxylgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, and aphosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, each substituted with at least one substituent selected from adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; o1 to o4 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3;

wherein, in Formulae 2(1) and 2(2), X₁₁ is CR₁₁ or N; X₁₂ is CR₁₂ or N;X₁₃ is CR₁₃ or N; X₁₄ is CR₁₄ or N; X₁₅ is CR₁₅ or N; X₁₆ is CR₁₆ or N;X₁₇ is CR₁₇ or N; X₁₈ is CRia or N; Xis is CR₁₉ or N; X₂₀ is CR₂₀ or N;X₂₁ is CR₂₁ or N; X₂₂ is CR₂₂ or N; X₂₃ is CR₂₃ or N; and X₂₄ is CR₂₄ orN; Z₅, Z₆, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from: i) ahydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,each substituted with at least one substituent selected from a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, each substituted with at least one substituent selected from adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; and v) —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and-B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇) (here, Q₁₁ and Q₁₇ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group); Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently selected from:i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, each substituted with at least one substituent selected from adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; Z₁₁ and Z 1 2 are each independently selected from: i)a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, eachsubstituted with at least one substituent selected from a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, each substituted with at least one substituent selected from adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; and p and q are each independently an integer from 1to
 4. 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the lightemitting material of any one of Formulas 1 and 2 is represented by anyone of Formulas 1-1 to 1-24 below:

wherein, in Formulas 1-1 to 1-24: Y is 0, S, or C(R₃₁)(R₃₂); L₁ to L₃are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenylene group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group; n1 to n3 are eachindependently an integer of 0 to 3; Ar₁ to Ar₃ are each independentlyselected from: i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and ii) a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and aheteroaryl group, each substituted with at least one substituentselected from a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; R₃₁ and R₃₂ areeach independently selected from: i) a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, eachsubstituted with at least one substituent selected from a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, each substituted with at least one substituent selected from adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group.
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein: Ar₁ to Ar₃ are each independently selected from: i) a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (here, Q₁ toQ₃ are each independently a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group);and ii) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, eachsubstituted with at least one substituent selected from a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (here, Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₃₀ aryl group).
 4. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: X₁₁ is C(R₁₁), X₁₂ isC(R₁₂), X₁₃ is C(R₁₃), X₁₄ is C(R₁₄), X₁₅ is C(R₁₅), X₁₆ is C(R₁₆), X₁₇is C(R₁₇), X₁₈ is C(R₁₈), X₁₉ is C(R₁₉), X₂₀ is C(R₂₀), X₂₁ is C(R₂₁),X₂₂ is C(R₂₂), X₂₃ is C(R₂₃), and X₂₄ is C(R₂₄).
 5. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are eachindependently selected from i) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenylgroup, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolylgroup, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, anda triazinyl group; and ii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, aquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group, each substituted with at least one substituent selectedfrom a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.
 6. The organic light-emittingdevice of claim 1, wherein: Z₅, Z₆, Z₁₁, Z₁₂, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ may eachindependently be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butylgroup, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, or a moietyrepresented by one of Formulas 3-1 to 3-20:

wherein, in Formula 3-1 to 3-20: * represents a carbon atom of afluorene-based ring of Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2).
 7. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: the hole-transportingmaterial is at least one of Compounds 6-1 to 6-144:


8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein: the firstemission layer emits a red color light, the second emission layer emitsa green color light, and the third emission layer emits a blue colorlight.
 9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein thesecond emission layer comprises the light emitting material, the firstbuffer layer comprises the hole-transporting material, and the secondbuffer layer comprises at least one compound represented by Formula 300or 301:

wherein in Formula 300, A₁₀₁ and Ar₁₀₂ may each independently be asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, xa and xb may eachindependently be an integer of 0 to 5, R₁₀₁ to R₁₀₈, R₁₁₁ to R₁₁₉, andR₁₂₁ to R₁₂₄ may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an am idino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₅-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ aryloxy group,or a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ arylthio group, R₅₁ to R₅₈, R₆₁to R₆₉, R_(71,) and R₇₂ may each independently be a hydrogen atom; adeuterium atom; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitrogroup; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazonegroup; a carboxyl group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup; a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-Ci 0 alkyl group or a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxygroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof; a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; ananthryl group; a fluorenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, an anthryl group, a fluorenyl group, or a pyrenyl groupsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, or a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group,and R₁₀₉ is: a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; an anthryl group; abiphenyl group; or a pyridinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group, or a pyridinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.
 10. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 9, wherein the second bufferlayer comprises at least one of Compounds 301 to 320:


11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the organiclight-emitting device further comprises a hole transport layer disposedbetween the first and second buffer layers and the first, second, andthird third sub-pixel electrodes.
 12. The organic light-emitting deviceof claim 11, wherein the hole transport layer includes at least onecompound represented by one of Formula 300 and Formula 301:

wherein in Formula 300, Ar₁₀₁ and Ar₁₀₂ may each independently be asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, xa and xb may eachindependently be an integer of 0 to 5, R₁₀₁ to R₁₀₈, R₁₁₁ to R₁₁₉, andR₁₂₁ to R₁₂₄ may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxyl group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₅-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ aryloxy group,or a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ arylthio group, R₅₁ to R₅₈, R₆₁to R₆₉, R₇₁, and R₇₂ may each independently be a hydrogen atom; adeuterium atom; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitrogroup; an amino group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazonegroup; a carboxyl group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or asalt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup; a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-Ci 0 alkyl group or a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxygroup substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof; a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; ananthryl group; a fluorenyl group; a pyrenyl group; a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, an anthryl group, a fluorenyl group, or a pyrenyl groupsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, or a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group,and R₁₀₉ is: a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; an anthryl group; abiphenyl group; or a pyridinyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group, or a pyridinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxyl group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.
 13. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein: the hole transportlayer includes at least one of Compounds 301 to 320:


14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the secondbuffer layer includes the same compound as included in the holetransport layer.